Which four of the following seven statements about the post cranial skeleton and terrestrial locomotion in tetrapods are TRUE? Choose all four correct answers.
◯ In tetrapods with plantigrade foot posture, the phalanges, metatarsals, and tarsals all contribute to the feet, while in tetrapods with digitigrade foot posture, only the phalanges contribute to the feet while the metatarsals and tarsals contribute to the length of the hind legs.
◯ Tetrapods with plantigrade limb posture tend to have much longer limbs than tetrapods with unguligrade foot posture.
◯ In tetrapods with sprawled limb posture, the ventral elements of the pectoral girdle (such as the clavicles and corocoids) tend to be enlarged, while in tetrapods with erect limb posture, it is the dorsal elements of the pectoral girdle (such as the scapula) that tend to be enlarged.
◯ In tetrapods with erect limb posture, when walking, the recovery stroke is acheived with an overarm swing (the limb must move both dorsally and ventrally as well as anteriorly)
◯ In tetrapods with sprawled limb posture, during terrestrial locomotion, limb movement is both anterior/ posterior and dorsal/ventral.
◯ When stationary, tetrapods with sprawled limb posture often rest the ventral surface of the body on the ground, while tetrapods with erect limb posture must use the legs to support the body weight when standing still.
◯ During walking and running, during the propulsive stroke of a limb the foot is lifted from the ground, while during the recovery stroke the foot pushes against the ground.