The part of an amino acid that has the greatest influence on the overall structure of a protein is the side chains.
Proteins are one of the four basic macromolecules (the rest being carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids) that make up living things. It is made up of units of monomers called amino acids.
Each amino acid consists of an amino group attached to the alpha carbon of a carboxylic acid. In simpler terms, an amino acid is made up of a carboxylic acid, an amino group, a hydrogen atom and a side chain. The properties of the side chain determine the structure of the protein it forms.
Differences in properties of amino acids arise from the different size, shape, ionization properties and solubility of its side group. Depending on this, an amino acid can be polar, non-polar, polar but not charged, positively or negatively charged at neutral ph.
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